{"id":131,"date":"2011-12-15T17:56:24","date_gmt":"2011-12-16T01:56:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/facingthesing.wpengine.com\/?p=131"},"modified":"2014-12-01T13:48:07","modified_gmt":"2014-12-01T21:48:07","slug":"playing-taboo-with-intelligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/2011\/playing-taboo-with-intelligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Hrajme sa, \u017ee \u201einteligencia\u201c je tabu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p>Eliezer Yudkowsky <a href=\"http:\/\/lesswrong.com\/lw\/vb\/efficient_crossdomain_optimization\/\">opisuje<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Ke\u010f som bol pred rokmi v panelovej diskusii s <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jaron_Lanier\">Jaronom Lanierom<\/a>, pon\u00fakol mi nejak<\/p>\n<p>\u00fd komplikovan\u00fd argument, \u017ee \u017eiaden stroj nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 inteligentn\u00fd, preto\u017ee je to iba stroj, tak\u017ee ozna\u010di\u0165 ho ako \u201einteligentn\u00fd\u201c by bola \u0161tylistick\u00e1 chyba, alebo nie\u010do v tom zmysle. Na\u0161tvan\u00fd som mu nakoniec odsekol: \u201eChcete t\u00fdm poveda\u0165, \u017ee keby som nap\u00edsal po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1sledne prep\u00ed\u0161e s\u00e1m seba, e\u0161te raz prep\u00ed\u0161e s\u00e1m seba, vybuduje si svoju vlastn\u00fa nanotechnol\u00f3giu, zbal\u00ed sa odlet\u00ed na Alfu Centauri, a postav\u00ed si tam svoju vlastn\u00fa Dysonovu sf\u00e9ru, tak tento po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd program aj tak nie je inteligentn\u00fd?\u201c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Mnoh\u00e9 zo zm\u00e4tku oh\u013eadom UI vych\u00e1dza z h\u00e1dok oh\u013eadom v\u00fdznamu slova \u201einteligencia\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Dovo\u013ete mi objasni\u0165 to pomocou <a href=\"http:\/\/lesswrong.com\/lw\/np\/disputing_definitions\/\">podobenstva<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><em>Ak v lese spadne strom, a nikto to nepo\u010duje, vyd\u00e1 t\u00fdm zvuk?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Albert: \u201eSamozrejme, \u017ee \u00e1no. \u010co za hl\u00fapu ot\u00e1zku to je? V\u017edy, ke\u010f som po\u010d\u00faval padaj\u00faci strom, vydal zvuk, tak\u017ee predpoklad\u00e1m, \u017ee ostatn\u00e9 padaj\u00face stromy tie\u017e vyd\u00e1vaj\u00fa zvuky. Never\u00edm tomu, \u017ee svet sa men\u00ed vtedy, ke\u010f sa na\u0148 nepozer\u00e1m.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Barry: \u201ePo\u010dkaj chv\u00ed\u013eu. Ak to nikto nepo\u010duje, ako to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 zvuk?\u201c<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Albert a Barry sa tu neh\u00e1daj\u00fa o faktoch, ale o <a href=\"http:\/\/lesswrong.com\/lw\/no\/how_an_algorithm_feels_from_inside\/\">defin\u00edci\u00e1ch<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>&#8230;prv\u00e1 osoba hovor\u00ed, ako keby slovo \u201ezvuk\u201c znamenalo akustick\u00e9 vibr\u00e1cie vzduchu; druh\u00e1 osoba hovor\u00ed, ako keby slovo \u201ezvuk\u201c znamenalo sluchov\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eitok v mozgu. Ak sa op\u00fdtate \u201eVznikaj\u00fa pritom akustick\u00e9 vibr\u00e1cie?\u201c alebo \u201eVznikaj\u00fa vtedy sluchov\u00e9 z\u00e1\u017eitky?\u201c, odpove\u010f je hne\u010f jasn\u00e1. Cel\u00e1 t\u00e1to diskusia je teda v skuto\u010dnosti o defin\u00edcii slova \u201ezvuk\u201c.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Nepotrebujeme sa h\u00e1da\u0165 o defin\u00edci\u00e1ch. Ak niekde pou\u017e\u00edvame slov\u00e1 v r\u00f4znom v\u00fdzname, m\u00f4\u017eeme u\u0161etri\u0165 \u010das a <a href=\"http:\/\/lesswrong.com\/lw\/nv\/replace_the_symbol_with_the_substance\/\">nahradi\u0165<\/a> m\u00e4t\u00faci <em>symbol<\/em> (slovo) jeho zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00fdm <em>obsahom<\/em> (jeho zmyslom, pod\u013ea v\u00e1s).<\/p>\n<p>Je to ako hra\u0165 hru <em><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taboo_(game)\">Tabu<\/a><\/em> (od firmy Hasbro). V <em>Tabu<\/em> mus\u00edte nie\u010do op\u00edsa\u0165 v\u00e1\u0161mu partnerovi <a href=\"http:\/\/lesswrong.com\/lw\/nu\/taboo_your_words\">bez pou\u017eitia slov z dan\u00e9ho zoznamu<\/a>.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Napr\u00edklad, m\u00f4\u017eete ma\u0165 za \u00falohu dosiahnu\u0165, aby v\u00e1\u0161 partner povedal \u201ebaseball\u201c, bez pou\u017eitia slov \u201e\u0161port\u201c, \u201ep\u00e1lka\u201c, \u201ez\u00e1sah\u201c, \u201ez\u00e1klad\u0148a\u201c a samozrejme \u201ebaseball\u201c.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>T\u00e1to hra je dobr\u00fdm cvi\u010den\u00edm na diskusiu o UI. Ak si dvaja \u013eudia v\u0161imn\u00fa, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa r\u00f4zne defin\u00edcie slova \u201einteligencia\u201c, nepotrebuj\u00fa sa h\u00e1da\u0165, \u010dia defin\u00edcia je \u201espr\u00e1vna\u201c. M\u00f4\u017eu hra\u0165 <em>Tabu<\/em> so\u00a0slovom \u201einteligencia\u201c a hovori\u0165 o \u201eanalytickej schopnosti\u201c alebo \u201eschopnosti rie\u0161i\u0165 probl\u00e9my\u201c alebo \u010doko\u013evek myslia slovom \u201einteligencia\u201c. Teraz s\u00fa bli\u017e\u0161ie k diskusii o faktoch namiesto defin\u00edci\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Shane Legg raz zozbieral <a href=\"http:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20110501135504\/http:\/\/www.vetta.org\/definitions-of-intelligence\/\">71 defin\u00edci\u00ed inteligencie<\/a>. Sk\u00faman\u00edm t\u00fdchto defin\u00edci\u00ed a h\u013eadan\u00edm spolo\u010dn\u00fdch znakov zistil, \u017ee \u013eudia si zrejme myslia, \u017ee inteligencia:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>je vlastnos\u0165, ktor\u00fa m\u00e1 jednotliv\u00fd agent, ako interaguje so svoj\u00edm prostred\u00edm alebo prostrediami.<\/li>\n<li>sa vz\u0165ahuje na agentovu schopnos\u0165 uspie\u0165 vzh\u013eadom na nejak\u00fd z\u00e1mer alebo cie\u013e.<\/li>\n<li>z\u00e1vis\u00ed od toho, nako\u013eko sa agent dok\u00e1\u017ee prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 r\u00f4znym cie\u013eom a prostrediam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Ke\u010f tieto vlastnosti skombinujeme, dostaneme nie\u010do ako:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Inteligencia meria schopnos\u0165 agenta dosahova\u0165 ciele v \u0161irokom spektre prostred\u00ed.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Toto je napokon ten druh inteligencie, ktor\u00fd \u013eu\u010fom umo\u017e\u0148uje vl\u00e1dnu\u0165 nad ostatn\u00fdmi \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nymi druhmi na tejto plan\u00e9te, a ten druh inteligencie, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1s nech\u00e1va nadraden\u00fdch strojom (aspo\u0148 zatia\u013e). Ve\u013eryby maj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mozgy a termity si stavaj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mest\u00e1, ale \u013eudia maj\u00fa inteligenciu prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sa takmer ka\u017ed\u00e9mu pozemsk\u00e9mu prostrediu a vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 n\u00e1stroje a o\u0161tepy a\u00a0lode a farmy. <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Watson_(computer)\">Watson<\/a> n\u00e1s dok\u00e1\u017ee porazi\u0165 v <em>Jeopardy!<\/em> a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wolframalpha.com\/\">WolframAlpha<\/a> vie spracova\u0165 po\u010d\u00edtate\u013en\u00e9 poznatky lep\u0161ie ne\u017e my, ale zho\u010fte hociktor\u00e9ho z nich do jazera a nechajte ich n\u00e1js\u0165 si svoj vlastn\u00fd zdroj elektriny a bud\u00fa bezmocn\u00ed. Na rozdiel od Watsona a  WolframAlphu, \u013eudia maj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 optimalizova\u0165 svoje ciele \u201ecez r\u00f4zne oblasti\u201c. <a href=\"http:\/\/lesswrong.com\/lw\/vb\/efficient_crossdomain_optimization\/\">Alebo<\/a>:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>V\u010dela si postav\u00ed \u00fa\u013e, bobor si postav\u00ed priehradu; av\u0161ak v\u010dela nedok\u00e1\u017ee postavi\u0165 priehradu a\u00a0bobor nedok\u00e1\u017ee postavi\u0165 \u00fa\u013e. \u010clovek sa na to pozrie, pomysl\u00ed si: \u201eAha, vid\u00edm, ako na to\u201c a potom si postav\u00ed priehradu s vyu\u017eit\u00edm \u0161trukt\u00fary pl\u00e1stu na extra silu.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Ale po\u010dkajte chv\u00ed\u013eu. Predpokladajme, \u017ee mi Bill Gates d\u00e1 10 mili\u00e1rd dol\u00e1rov. Teraz m\u00e1m <em>omnoho<\/em> v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu schopnos\u0165 \u201edosahova\u0165 ciele v \u0161irokom spektre prostred\u00ed\u201c, ale povedali by sme, \u017ee moja \u201einteligencia\u201c t\u00fdm nar\u00e1stla? Pochybujem. Ak chceme mera\u0165 agentovu \u201einteligenciu\u201c, mali by sme hodnoti\u0165 agentovu schopnos\u0165 optimalizova\u0165 na svoje ciele v \u0161irokom spektre prostred\u00ed \u2013 jeho \u201eoptimaliza\u010dn\u00fa silu\u201c, dalo by sa poveda\u0165 \u2013 a <em>vydeli\u0165<\/em> ju prostriedkami, ktor\u00e9 na to spotrebuje:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-490\" title=\"intelligence\" src=\"http:\/\/facingthesing.wpengine.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/intelligence_sk.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"559\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/intelligence_sk.png 559w, https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/09\/intelligence_sk-300x41.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to defin\u00edcia vid\u00ed inteligenciu ako <em>efekt\u00edvnu optimaliz\u00e1ciu v r\u00f4znych prostrediach<\/em>. Inteligencia je to, \u010do dovo\u013euje agentovi ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 bud\u00facnos\u0165, a t\u00e1to sila sa n\u00e1sob\u00ed prostriedkami, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 k dispoz\u00edcii.<\/p>\n<p>Toto m\u00f4\u017ee ale nemus\u00ed by\u0165 v s\u00falade s va\u0161ou vlastnou intuit\u00edvnou defin\u00edciou \u201einteligencie\u201c. Ale na tom nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Zahral som <em>Tabu<\/em> so slovom \u201einteligencia\u201c. Nahradil som symbol jeho obsahom. Pri diskusii o UI budem hovori\u0165 iba o \u201eefekt\u00edvnej optimaliz\u00e1cii v r\u00f4znych prostrediach\u201c a ni\u010d, \u010do sa t\u00fdka va\u0161ej ob\u013e\u00fabenej defin\u00edcie \u201einteligencie\u201c, nebude s\u00favisie\u0165 s t\u00fdm, \u010do poviem.<\/p>\n<p>Hoci, slovo \u201einteligencia\u201c je krat\u0161ie, tak\u017ee by som rad\u0161ej pou\u017e\u00edval len <em>toto<\/em>. Ale najlep\u0161ie bude, ak slovo \u201einteligencia\u201c (ak ho pou\u017eijem ja) budete v\u017edy \u010d\u00edta\u0165 ako \u201eefekt\u00edvna optimaliz\u00e1cia v\u00a0r\u00f4znych prostrediach\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>A teraz, ke\u010f rozumieme, \u010do mysl\u00edm slovom \u201einteligencia\u201c, sme pripraven\u00ed rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 sa o UI.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eliezer Yudkowsky opisuje: Ke\u010f som bol pred rokmi v panelovej diskusii s Jaronom Lanierom, pon\u00fakol mi nejak \u00fd komplikovan\u00fd argument, \u017ee \u017eiaden stroj nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 inteligentn\u00fd, preto\u017ee je to iba stroj, tak\u017ee ozna\u010di\u0165 ho ako \u201einteligentn\u00fd\u201c by bola \u0161tylistick\u00e1 chyba,&hellip;  <a href=\"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/2011\/playing-taboo-with-intelligence\/\">continue reading<\/a> &raquo;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chapter"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=131"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/131\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}