{"id":153,"date":"2011-12-22T01:23:17","date_gmt":"2011-12-22T09:23:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/facingthesing.wpengine.com\/?p=153"},"modified":"2014-12-06T14:49:20","modified_gmt":"2014-12-06T22:49:20","slug":"superstition-in-retreat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/2011\/superstition-in-retreat\/","title":{"rendered":"Ustupuj\u00faca povera"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

K<\/span>edysi d\u00e1vno bola v\u0161etko m\u00e1gia.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do blesky hrmia a zem sa chveje? Bohovia sa hnevaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do sa niekto zbl\u00e1znil? Posadli ho d\u00e9moni.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do sa niekomu dar\u00ed? Konal dobro v minulom \u017eivote, alebo ho bohovia maj\u00fa radi.<\/p>\n

In\u00ed v\u0161ak boli pr\u00edli\u0161 zvedav\u00ed<\/a> na to, aby prijali \u201em\u00e1giu\u201c ako odpove\u010f. Napriek omylom a\u00a0protestom, ka\u017ed\u00fd zohral svoju mal\u00fa rolu pri rozmot\u00e1van\u00ed d\u00fahy<\/a>, a mnoh\u00ed pova\u017eovali pravdu n\u00e1jden\u00fa vn\u00fatri za kraj\u0161iu ne\u017e tajomstvo.<\/p>\n

Mili\u00f3ny st\u00e1le trvali na nadprirodzene. Napokon, na\u0161e mozgy s\u00fa vytvoren\u00e9<\/a> na pover\u010divos\u0165. N\u00e1bo\u017eenstvo je prirodzen\u00e9<\/a>; veda a te\u00f3ria pravdepodobnosti nie s\u00fa. Hyperakt\u00edvne objavovanie agentov<\/a>, kognit\u00edvne sklony<\/a>, a tak \u010falej.<\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak astron\u00f3movia predpovedali zatmenia, ktor\u00e9 \u0161amani nedok\u00e1zali, a lek\u00e1ri uzdravili t\u00fdch, ktor\u00fdch k\u0148azi nedok\u00e1zali. Po mnohom odpore z\u00e1stancovia nadprirodzena odovzdali pohyb hviezd a\u00a0plan\u00e9t fyzikom. Nesk\u00f4r odovzdali choroby bakt\u00e9ri\u00e1m a v\u00edrusom. Nesk\u00f4r odovzdali elan vital<\/a><\/em> biol\u00f3gii a bioch\u00e9mii. Nesk\u00f4r odovzdali du\u0161evn\u00e9 choroby neuropsychol\u00f3gom. Magick\u00e9 vysvetlenia sa zmr\u0161\u0165ovali pred svetle vedy: pover\u010divos\u0165 ustupovala.<\/p>\n

Tim Minchin to povedal dobre:<\/p>\n

\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z\u00e1hada, ktor\u00e1 bola kedy vyrie\u0161en\u00e1, sa uk\u00e1zala by\u0165… nie<\/em> m\u00e1gia.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Akur\u00e1t v temn\u00fdch k\u00fatoch \u013eudskej nevedomosti \u2013 p\u00f4vod vesm\u00edru, vedomie, inteligencia \u2013 e\u0161te magick\u00e9 myslenie hnije. William James n\u00edm poh\u0155dal:<\/p>\n

\n

Ke\u010f sa \u010dlovek obr\u00e1ti k ve\u013ekolepej stavbe pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch vied a vid\u00ed, ako bola budovan\u00e1; ko\u013eko tis\u00edcov nezaujat\u00fdch mor\u00e1lnych \u017eivotov \u013eud\u00ed le\u017e\u00ed pochovan\u00fdch v jej p\u00fahych z\u00e1kladoch; ko\u013eko trpezlivosti a odriekania, ko\u013eko potla\u010den\u00fdch preferenci\u00ed, ko\u013eko poddania sa \u013eadov\u00fdm z\u00e1konom vonkaj\u0161\u00edch faktov je vtesan\u00fdch do jej kame\u0148ov a malty… ako tupo a opovrhnutiahodne potom vyzer\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd mal\u00fd precitlivenec, ktor\u00fd pr\u00edde vyp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 svoje nasmerovan\u00e9 dymov\u00e9 kolieska a\u00a0predstiera, \u017ee o veciach rozhoduje vo svojich vlastn\u00fdch snoch!<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Dokonca aj vedci a redukcionisti sa m\u00f4\u017eu nachyta\u0165 na magick\u00e9 myslenie, preto\u017ee v\u0161etci m\u00e1me ulo\u017een\u00e9 my\u0161lienky<\/a>; \u013eudsk\u00fd mozog aktualiz\u00e1cie presved\u010den\u00ed neroz\u0161iruje automaticky<\/a> do\u00a0celej siete presved\u010den\u00ed. Preto m\u00f4\u017eete n\u00e1js\u0165 neurovedca, ktor\u00fd tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee sa uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee vedomie sa nesklad\u00e1<\/em> z\u00a0at\u00f3mov. Preto m\u00f4\u017eete n\u00e1js\u0165 psychol\u00f3gov, ktor\u00ed tvrdia, \u017ee \u013eudia mo\u017eno maj\u00fa slobodn\u00fa v\u00f4\u013eu nepodliehaj\u00facu z\u00e1konom pr\u00ed\u010diny a n\u00e1sledku<\/a>, na rozdiel od v\u0161etk\u00fdch ostatn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010d\u00edchov a\u00a0v\u00a0rozpore s fyzik\u00e1lnymi z\u00e1konmi.<\/p>\n

Preto m\u00f4\u017eete n\u00e1js\u0165 filozofov, ktor\u00ed tvrdia, \u017ee stroje nem\u00f4\u017eu myslie\u0165; informatikov, ktor\u00ed sa spr\u00e1vaj\u00fa akoby \u013eudsk\u00e1 inteligencia predstavovala horn\u00fa hranicu inteligencie; a v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov UI, ktor\u00ed si myslia, \u017ee stroje sa stan\u00fa dobrosrde\u010dn\u00fdmi, ke\u010f sa stan\u00fa rozumnej\u0161\u00edmi.<\/p>\n

Pozrime sa len na jedno z uveden\u00e9ho \u2013 my\u0161lienku, \u017ee \u013eudsk\u00e1 \u201ev\u0161eobecn\u00e1\u201c inteligencia je \u0161peci\u00e1lna a stroj nem\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 to ist\u00e9 \u2013 a sledujme, ako povera ustupuje.<\/p>\n

Ray Kurzweil do svojej knihy v roku 1999<\/a> dal nasleduj\u00facu karikat\u00faru:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

V Rayovej karikat\u00fare mu\u017e zosob\u0148uj\u00faci \u013eudstvo z\u00farivo vymenov\u00e1va \u00falohy, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017ee splni\u0165 len \u013eudsk\u00e1 inteligencia, ale padaj\u00fa mu na zem takmer tak r\u00fdchlo, ako ich st\u00edha lepi\u0165 na steny. Stroje dnes dok\u00e1\u017eu sklada\u0165 hudbu<\/a>, hra\u0165 \u0161ach<\/a> a Jeopardy!<\/a><\/em>, rozozn\u00e1va\u0165 \u013eudsk\u00fa re\u010d<\/a>, obchodova\u0165 s akciami<\/a>, riadi\u0165 strely<\/a>, rozozn\u00e1va\u0165 tv\u00e1re<\/a>, ur\u010dova\u0165 zdravotn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my<\/a>, a mnoho \u010fal\u0161ieho<\/a>. Ke\u010f Ray uverejnil tento obr\u00e1zok, stroje nedok\u00e1zali riadi\u0165 aut\u00e1, ale dnes dok\u00e1\u017eu<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Je pravda, \u017ee je ve\u013ea vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 stroje e\u0161te nedok\u00e1\u017eu, ale t\u00ed, \u010do tieto fakty pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na obhajobu nedosiahnute\u013enej v\u00fdnimo\u010dnosti \u013eudskej inteligencie mi pripom\u00ednaj\u00fa t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed ukazuj\u00fa na tajomstv\u00e1 vedomia alebo vzniku vesm\u00edru, aby obhajovali existenciu Boha. Je to prehran\u00fd boj.<\/p>\n

\u00c1no, p\u00edsanie rom\u00e1nov a vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum vyzeraj\u00fa<\/em> ako veci, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu robi\u0165 iba \u013eudia, preto\u017ee za posledn\u00e9 4 miliardy rokov existencie \u017eivota na Zemi ich robili iba \u013eudia. Ale pam\u00e4tajte: po\u010das 99,999\u00a095% tejto hist\u00f3rie \u017eiaden<\/em> \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161ny druh nep\u00edsal rom\u00e1ny ani nerobil vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum. V sp\u00e4tnom poh\u013eade to bude vyzera\u0165, \u017ee \u013eudsk\u00fd mozog bol prvou z mnoh\u00fdch architekt\u00far mysl\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu p\u00edsa\u0165 rom\u00e1ny a robi\u0165 vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum, a mal iba nepodstatn\u00fd n\u00e1skok p\u00e1r tis\u00edc rokov.<\/p>\n

V skuto\u010dnosti, \u00faloha \u201erobi\u0165 vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum\u201c sa u\u017e<\/em> za\u010dala odovzd\u00e1va\u0165 strojom. V roku 2009 bol robot menom Adam naprogramovan\u00fd na\u0161imi vedeck\u00fdmi poznatkami o kvasink\u00e1ch, a potom si stanovil hypot\u00e9zy, otestoval ich, vyhodnotil v\u00fdsledky, a urobil origin\u00e1lne vedeck\u00e9 objavy<\/a>. Ten ist\u00fd t\u00edm teraz pracuje na e\u0161te silnej\u0161ej vedeckej UI menom Eve<\/a>.<\/p>\n

UI prich\u00e1dza. Mus\u00ed<\/em> pr\u00eds\u0165, ak bude veda napredova\u0165, preto\u017ee inteligencia (efekt\u00edvna optimaliz\u00e1cia v r\u00f4znych oblastiach<\/a>) funguje na spracov\u00e1van\u00ed inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, a \u013eudsk\u00e9 m\u00e4so<\/a> nie je jedin\u00fdm podkladom na spracovanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. Preto je mo\u017en\u00e9 zostavi\u0165 stroje, ktor\u00e9 hraj\u00fa \u0161ach, skladaj\u00fa hudbu, a robia vedeck\u00fd v\u00fdskum, a preto je mo\u017en\u00e9 zostavi\u0165 \u201ev\u0161eobecn\u00fa\u201c strojov\u00fa inteligenciu na \u013eudskej \u00farovni.<\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

edysi d\u00e1vno bola v\u0161etko m\u00e1gia. Pre\u010do blesky hrmia a zem sa chveje? Bohovia sa hnevaj\u00fa. Pre\u010do sa niekto zbl\u00e1znil? Posadli ho d\u00e9moni. Pre\u010do sa niekomu dar\u00ed? Konal dobro v minulom \u017eivote, alebo ho bohovia maj\u00fa radi. In\u00ed v\u0161ak boli pr\u00edli\u0161… continue reading<\/a> »<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chapter"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=153"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/153\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}