{"id":217,"date":"2012-01-01T08:38:19","date_gmt":"2012-01-01T16:38:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/facingthesing.wpengine.com\/?page_id=217"},"modified":"2022-10-10T17:42:55","modified_gmt":"2022-10-11T00:42:55","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sv\/glossary\/","title":{"rendered":"Ordlista"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tyv\u00e4rr \u00e4r denna artikel enbart tillg\u00e4nglig p\u00e5 English<\/a>, Fran\u00e7ais<\/a> och \u4e2d\u6587<\/a>.<\/p>

artificial intelligence (AI).<\/strong>\u00a0A machine intelligence, or the field which studies intelligent machines. ”Narrow AI” displays intelligence only in a narrow domain, like chess or arithmetic. ”Strong AI<\/a>” or ”artificial general intelligence (AGI)<\/strong>” matches or exceeds human intelligence, including the ability to solve problems in a wide variety of environments. On this website, ”AI” means ”AGI” unless otherwise specified.<\/p>\n

cognitive bias.<\/strong>\u00a0An obstacle to truth produced by one’s mental machinery<\/a>. (Other obstacles to truth include the cost of information and computation.) Many such obstacles are common and predictable enough that they have names<\/a>, like the conjunction fallacy<\/a> and the affect heuristic<\/a>.<\/p>\n

decision theory.<\/strong>\u00a0The study of correct decisions. A core idea is expected utility maximization<\/em>: an agent should choose the action that maximizes their expected utility. Unsolved problems in decision theory arise when considering thought experiments<\/a> wherein ideal situations challenge the applicability of current decision theories.<\/p>\n

expected utility.<\/strong> Expected value<\/a> (in utility).<\/p>\n

expected value.<\/strong>\u00a0The average value of all the possible outcomes of an event, each outcome weighted by its probability. Suppose you’re about to roll a die, and you’ll win (in dollars) twice the number you roll, unless you roll a 6, in which case you’ll win 4 times the number you roll. The expected value of rolling the die is [2($1) + 2($2) + 2($3) + 2($4) + 2($5) + 4($6)]\/6 = $9.<\/p>\n

intelligence.<\/strong>\u00a0Efficient cross-domain optimization<\/a>. Intelligence is one’s ability to efficiently use available resources to shape the world in accordance with one’s preferences, in a wide variety of environments.<\/p>\n

probability theory.<\/strong>\u00a0The study of probability. On this website, ”probability” refers to degrees of belief or uncertainty<\/em>, so ”probability theory” means Bayesian<\/a><\/em>\u00a0probability theory, which follows from the laws of logic<\/a>. A core rule of probability theory is\u00a0Bayes’ Theorem<\/a>.<\/p>\n

rationality.<\/strong>\u00a0Systematized winning<\/a>. Sometimes called ”technical rationality<\/a>” to distinguish it from ”Hollywood rationality<\/a>.” ”Epistemic rationality<\/strong>” is the craft<\/a> of obtaining true beliefs, i.e.<\/em> making optimal belief updates according to\u00a0the laws of logic and probability theory<\/a>. ”Instrumental rationality<\/strong>” is the craft<\/a> of achieving one’s goals, i.e.<\/em> making optimal choices in accord with the laws of decision theory<\/a>.<\/p>\n

utility.<\/strong>\u00a0A numerical measure of preference or value. In a utility function, outcomes with higher utilities are preferred to outcomes with lower utilities.<\/p>\n

utility function. <\/strong>A\u00a0function<\/a> that assigns utilities to outcomes. Outcomes with higher utilities are preferred to outcomes with lower utilities. Humans do not have coherent utility functions<\/a>, nor would we expect them to<\/a> given how they evolved, which is why they have so much trouble<\/a> guessing<\/a> their own utility functions.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tyv\u00e4rr \u00e4r denna artikel enbart tillg\u00e4nglig p\u00e5 English, Fran\u00e7ais och \u4e2d\u6587.artificial intelligence (AI).\u00a0A machine intelligence, or the field which studies intelligent machines. ”Narrow AI” displays intelligence only in a narrow domain, like chess or arithmetic. ”Strong AI” or ”artificial general… continue reading<\/a> »<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-217","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=217"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/217\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/intelligenceexplosion.com\/sv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}