Bibliografi

Arnborg, Stefan, and Gunnr Sjödin. “On the Foundations of Bayesianism.” AIP Conference Proceedings 568, no. 1 (2001): 61–71. http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/5665715/foundations-bayesianism.

Bostrom, Nick. “Existential Risks: Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards.” Journal of Evolution and Technology 9 (2002). http://www.jetpress.org/volume9/risks.html.

———. “Letter from Utopia.” Forthcoming revision, 2010. Accessed November 10, 2012. http://www.nickbostrom.com/utopia.pdf.

Bostrom, Nick, and Milan M. Ćirković, eds. Global Catastrophic Risks. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Caplan, Bryan. “The Totalitarian Threat.” In Bostrom and Ćirković, Global Catastrophic Risks, 504–519.

Crawford, Oliver. “The Galileo Seven.” Star Trek: The Original Series, season 1, episode 13. Directed by Robert Gist. Aired January 5, 1967. CBS.

de Blanc, Peter. Ontological Crises in Artificial Agents’ Value Systems. The Singularity Institute, San Francisco, CA, May 19, 2011. http://arxiv.org/abs/1105.3821.

Desvousges, William H., F. Reed Johnson, Richard W. Dunford, Kevin J. Boyle, Sara P. Hudson, and K. Nicole Wilson. Mesuring Nonuse Damages Using Contingent Valuation: An Experimental Evaluation of Accuracy. Technical report. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI International, 2010. doi:10.3768/rtipress.2009.bk.0001.1009.

Easwaran, Kenny. “Bayesianism I: Introduction and Arguments in Favor.” Philosophy Compass 6 (5 2011): 312–320. doi:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2011. 00399.x.

Feldman, J. A., and Dana H. Ballard. “Connectionist Models and Their Properties.” Cognitive Science 6 (3 1982): 205–254. doi:10.1207/ s15516709cog0603_1.

Fong, Geoffrey T., David H. Krantz, and Richard E. Nisbett. “The Effects of Statistical Training on Thinking About Everyday Problems.” Cognitive Psychology 18, no. 3 (1986): 253–292. doi:10.1016/0010-0285(86)90001-0.

Fontana, D. C. “Charlie X.” Star Trek: The Original Series, season 1, episode 7. Directed by Lawrence Dobkin. Aired September 15, 1966. CBS.

Galef, Julia. “The Straw Vulcan: Hollywood’s Illogical Approach to Logical Decisionmaking.” Measure of Doubt (blog). November 26, 2011. Accessed November 10, 2012. http://measureofdoubt.com/2011/11/26/the-straw-vulcan-hollywoods-illogical-approach-to-logical-decisionmaking/.

Gigerenzer, Gerd. “Smart Heuristics.” Edge, March 29, 2003. http://edge.org/conversation/smart-heuristics-gerd-gigerenzer.

Goertzel, Ben. “The Technological Mastery of Pain is Both Feasible and Desirable.” H+ Magazine, May 28, 2012. http://hplusmagazine.com/2012/05/28/the-technological-elimination-of-pain-is-both-feasible-and-desirable/.

Good, Irving John. “Speculations Concerning the First Ultraintelligent Machine.” In Advances in Computers, edited by Franz L. Alt and Morris Rubinoff, 31–88. Vol. 6. New York: Academic Press, 1965. doi:10.1016/ S0065-2458(08)60418-0.

Hájek, Alan. “‘Mises Redux’—Redux: Fifteen Arguments Against Finite Frequentism.” Erkenntnis 45, no. 2 (November 1996): 209–227. doi:10. 1007/BF00276791.

Hanson, Robin. “Economics of the Singularity.” IEEE Spectrum 45 (6 2008): 45–50. doi:10.1109/MSPEC.2008.4531461.

James, William. The Will to Believe, and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy. New York: Longmans, Green, 1807. Accessed November 10, 2012. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/26659.

Jaynes, E. T. Probability Theory: The Logic of Science. Edited by G. Larry Bretthorst. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. doi:10.2277/ 0521592712.

Kahneman, Daniel. “A Perspective on Judgment and Choice: Mapping Bounded Rationality.” American Psychologist 58, no. 9 (2003): 697–720. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.58.9.697.

Kaste, Martin. “The Singularity: Humanity’s Last Invention?” NPR, All Things Considered (January 11, 2011). Accessed November 4, 2012. http://www.npr.org/2011/01/11/132840775/The-Singularity-Humanitys-Last-Invention.

King, Ross D. “Rise of the Robo Scientists.” Scientific American 304, no. 1 (2011): 72–77. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0111-72.

Kurzweil, Ray. The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence. New York: Viking, 1999.

Larrick, Richard P. “Debiasing.” In Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making, edited by Derek J. Koehler and Nigel Harvey, 316–338. Blackwell Handbooks of Experimental Psychology. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2004.

Legg, Shane, and Marcus Hutter. A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence. Manno-Lugano, Switzerland: IDSIA, July 15, 2007. http://www.idsia.ch/idsiareport/IDSIA-07-07.pdf.

———. A Formal Measure of Machine Intelligence. Manno-Lugano, Switzerland: IDSIA, April 12, 2006. http://www.idsia.ch/idsiareport/IDSIA-10-06.pdf.

Lichtenstein, Sarah, Paul Slovic, Baruch Fischhoff, Mark Layman, and Barbara Combs. “Judged Frequency of Lethal Events.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory 4 (6 1978): 551–578. doi:10.1037/0278-7393.4.6.551.

McGrayne, Sharon Bertsch. The Theory That Would Not Die: How Bayes’ Rule Cracked the Enigma Code, Hunted Down Russian Submarines, and Emerged Triumphant from Two Centuries of Controversy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011.

Minchin, Tim. Tim Minchin’s Storm the Animated Movie. Produced by Tracy King, directed by DC Turner. April 11, 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HhGuXCuDb1U.

Mosher, David. “Developer of Robot Scientist Wants to Standardize Science.” Wired, April 13, 2011. http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2011/04/robot-scientist-language/.

Omohundro, Stephen M. “Rational Artificial Intelligence for the Greater Good.” In The Singularity Hypothesis: A Scientific and Philosophical Assessment, edited by Amnon Eden, Johnny Søraker, James H. Moor, and Eric Steinhart. Berlin: Springer, 2012. Preprint at. http://selfawaresystems.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/rational_ai_greater_good.pdf.

Onoda, Hiroo. No Surrender: My Thirty-Year War. 1st ed. Translated by Charles S. Terry. New York: Kodansha International, 1974.

Rosenberg, Jennifer. “The War is Over . . . Please Come Out.” About.com. Accessed November 10, 2012. http://history1900s.about.com/od/worldwarii/a/soldiersurr.htm.

RT. “Man-Made Super-Flu Could Kill Half Humanity.” RT, November 24, 2011. http://www.rt.com/news/bird-flu-killer-strain-119/.

Sabaroff, Robert. “The Immunity Syndrome.” Star Trek: The Original Series, season 2, episode 19. Directed by Joseph Pevney. Aired January 19, 1968. CBS.

Shermer, Michael. “Smart People Believe Weird Things.” Scientific American 287, no. 3 (2002): 35. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0902-35.

Stanovich, Keith E. “Higher-Order Preferences and the Master Rationality Motive.” Thinking and Reasoning 14, no. 1 (2008): 111–117. doi:10.1080/ 13546780701384621.

Szalavitz, Maia. “10 Ways We Get the Odds Wrong.” Psychology Today, January 1, 2008. http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200712/10-ways-we-get-the-odds-wrong.

Taber, Charles S., and Milton Lodge. “Motivated Skepticism in the Evaluation of Political Beliefs.” American Journal of Political Science 50 (3 2006): 755–769. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00214.x.

Turing, A. M. “Intelligent Machinery, A Heretical Theory.” A lecture given to ‘51 Society’ at Manchester, 1951.

Tversky, Amos, and Daniel Kahneman. “Extensional Versus Intuitive Reasoning: The Conjunction Fallacy in Probability Judgment.” Psychological Review 90, no. 4 (1983): 293–315. doi:10.1037/0033-295X. 90.4.293.

———. “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases.” Science 185, no. 4157 (1974): 1124–1131. doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124.

Vinge, Vernor. “Signs of the Singularity.” IEEE Spectrum, June 2008. http://spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/ethics/signs-of-the-singularity.

Von Neumann, John, and Oskar Morgenstern. Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. 2nd ed. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1947.

Yudkowsky, Eliezer. “Artificial Intelligence as a Positive and Negative Factor in Global Risk.” In Bostrom and Ćirković, Global Catastrophic Risks, 308–345.